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CVE-2026-33278

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Summary

NLnet Labs Unbound 1.19.1 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability in the DNSSEC validator that enables denial of service and possible remote code execution as a result of deep copying a data structure and erroneously overwriting a destination pointer. An adversary can exploit the vulnerability by controlling a malicious signed zone and querying a vulnerable Unbound. When DS sub-queries need to suspend validation due to NSEC3 computational budget exhaustion (introduced in Unbound 1

Description

NLnet Labs Unbound 1.19.1 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability in the DNSSEC validator that enables denial of service and possible remote code execution as a result of deep copying a data structure and erroneously overwriting a destination pointer. An adversary can exploit the vulnerability by controlling a malicious signed zone and querying a vulnerable Unbound. When DS sub-queries need to suspend validation due to NSEC3 computational budget exhaustion (introduced in Unbound 1.19.1), Unbound deep-copies response messages to preserve them across memory region teardown. A struct-assignment bug overwrites the destination's pointer with the source's pointer. After the sub-query region is freed, the resumed validator dereferences this dangling pointer, triggering a crash or potentially enabling arbitrary code execution. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix to preserve the correct pointer when deep copying the data structure.

CVSS Score
9.8
Critical
EPSS Score
0.3
Exploit Probability
Published Date
2026-05-20
First Seen: 2026-05-21
📊 Relative Risk Intelligence

This CVE is Very High Risk - more severe than 90.5% of all 328,009 vulnerabilities in our database.

#31,168
Top 10% most severe
Severity Percentile
🎯 CISA SSVC Assessment Updated: May 20, 2026
🔍 Exploitation Status
None
No known exploits
⚙️ Automatable
YES
Can be exploited automatically
💥 Technical Impact
Total
Complete system compromise possible
🏆 Discovered By
Qifan Zhang (Palo Alto Networks)
SSVC data provided by CISA
Last Modified 2026-05-20
Source NVD 🔗
CVSS Vector 3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS Vector 4.0 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red
CWE IDs (Weakness Types)

📦 Affected Products 1

🔗 References 1

🔗 Related CVEs 6

CVE ID Severity CVSS EPSS Summary Published
CVE-2026-32792 🔶 medium 5.3 0.1 NLnet Labs Unbound 1.6.2 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a denial of service vulnerability when compiled with DNS... 2026-05-20
CVE-2026-40622 ⚠️ high 7.5 0.0 NLnet Labs Unbound 1.16.2 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability of the 'ghost domain names' family of a... 2026-05-20
CVE-2026-41292 ⚠️ high 7.5 0.1 NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 is vulnerable to a degradation of service attack related to parsin... 2026-05-20
CVE-2026-42534 🔶 medium 5.3 0.1 NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability in the jostle logic that could defeat its purp... 2026-05-20
CVE-2026-42923 🔶 medium 5.3 0.1 NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability in the DNSSEC validator where the code path to... 2026-05-20
CVE-2026-42944 ⚠️ high 7.5 0.1 NLnet Labs Unbound 1.14.0 up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability that results in heap overflow when enco... 2026-05-20
These CVEs affect the same products